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去中心化金融 / DeFi

1) 去中心化借贷

去中心化借贷是指通过去中心借贷协议匹配借方与贷方,再抵质押确认后即时划转资产、完成借贷行为。去中心化借贷协议为平台提供了标准化和互操作性的技术基础,并在贷款过程中起到安全管理的作用。与传统的借贷模式相比,去中心化借贷模式具有以下特点:


①法币贷款与数字资产贷款相合并(稳定币模式可以看做是法币和数字资产的结合);②基于数字资产的抵押;③通过自动化实现即时交易结算,并降低实际成本;④用超额抵押模式代替信用审查,这也意味着可以服务更多无法使用传统服务的群体。典型的去中心化借贷平台有COMPOUND、MAKERDAO等。

2)DEX—现货和衍生品

DEX即去中心化交易所,目前的DEX可以分为混合型DEX和完全去中心化的DEX,混合型DEX去中心化程度相对不高。通常采用区块链+传统服务器的方式,在区块链上只是进行交易的清结算记录,而买卖方订单的撮合为了提高交易的效率则选择在链下通过服务器或者中继层来完成,通过链上和链下的有机结合,混合型的DEX很大程度上提高了交易的效率但因为去中心化的程度并不高,用户的体验整体上和传统的交易所并没有太大的区别。而完全去中心化的DEX,目前行业当中主流的有订单簿和自动化做市商的模式。

3)去中心化保险

是指基于不可篡改、强制自动执行的智能合约的保险协议;主要针对数字资产市场内常见的风险事件提供风险保护。


按照主要交易产品的不同还可以分为现货类DEX和衍生品类DEX,目前主流的现货类DEX有Uniswap、Sushiswap等,衍生品类DEX有dYdX等。

去中心化金融与传统的中心化金融最大的不同就是它在处理金融问题时不依赖于中心化的机构,相对平等的解决借贷、抵押等金融服务。由于没有第三方机构的介入,Defi人人皆可参与,有较大的的普惠性。在Defi中,可谓代码就是法律,一切交易通过智能合约来完成,执行起来不需要通过法律或机构评判,通过Defi协议自动完成,因此更高效、透明、公平。

最初Defi应用的崛起是在以太坊公链上,自2020年6月以来,Defi呈爆发式增长,Defi概念币种也在近两年豁然崛起,成为主流币之外的一股新的热点。

去中心化金融作为新生事物也并非完美,颇具一定的风险,比如智能合约代码漏洞,导致资产被黑客盗取;在持有加密资产进行借贷时,由于价格波动带来的投资风险等。Defi是实现财富自由交换的流通途径,整体的发展趋势虽有曲折却是不断向上的,不仅是去中心化平台在布局Defi,一些中心化交易所也已经上线了各自的公链和Defi项目,Defi生态可谓遍地开花。

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