MDT
MDT

Precio de Measurable Data Token

$0,025986
+$0,00018997
(+0,73 %)
Cambios en los precios de las últimas 24 horas
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Información de mercado de Measurable Data Token

Cap. de mercado
La cap. de mercado se calcula multiplicando la oferta circulante de una moneda por su precio más reciente.
Cap. de mercado = Oferta circulante × Último precio
Oferta circulante
La cantidad total de una moneda que está disponible públicamente en el mercado.
Clasificación de la capitalización de mercado
La clasificación de una moneda en términos de valor de capitalización de mercado.
Máximo histórico
El precio más alto que una moneda ha alcanzado en su historial de trading.
Mínimo histórico
El precio más bajo que una moneda ha alcanzado en su historial de trading.
Cap. de mercado
$15,72M
Oferta circulante
606.319.736 MDT
60,63 % de
1.000.000.000 MDT
Clasificación de la capitalización de mercado
--
Auditorías
CertiK
Última auditoría: --
Alto 24 h
$0,026896
Bajo 24 h
$0,024907
Máximo histórico
$0,56999
-95,45 % (-$0,54400)
Última actualización: 11 ene 2018
Mínimo histórico
$0,0016000
+1524,14 % (+$0,024386)
Última actualización: 17 dic 2018

El precio actual de Measurable Data Token en USD

El precio actual de Measurable Data Token es de $0,025986. En las últimas 24 horas, Measurable Data Token aumentó un +0,74 %. Actualmente, su oferta circulante es de 606.319.736 MDT y su oferta máxima, de 1.000.000.000 MDT, con lo que su capitalización de mercado completamente diluida (FDMC) es de $15,72M. En este momento, Measurable Data Token ocupa el puesto número 0 en la clasificación por capitalización de mercado. El precio de Measurable Data Token/USD se actualiza en tiempo real.
Hoy
+$0,00018997
+0,73 %
7 días
-$0,00361
-12,21 %
30 días
-$0,00361
-12,21 %
3 meses
-$0,03394
-56,64 %

Sobre Measurable Data Token (MDT)

3.6/5
Certik
3.5
31/03/2025
CyberScope
3.7
01/04/2025
La calificación proporcionada es una calificación agregada recogida por OKX de las fuentes proporcionadas y es solo para fines informativos. OKX no garantiza la calidad o exactitud de las calificaciones. No pretende proporcionar (i) asesoramiento o recomendación de inversión; (ii) una oferta o solicitud para comprar, vender o mantener activos digitales; ni (iii) asesoramiento financiero, contable, legal o fiscal. Los activos digitales, incluidas las stablecoins y las NFT, entrañan un alto grado de riesgo, pueden fluctuar enormemente e incluso perder su valor. El precio y el rendimiento de los activos digitales no están garantizados y pueden cambiar sin previo aviso. Tus activos digitales no están cubiertos por un seguro contra posibles pérdidas. Los rendimientos históricos no son indicativos de rendimientos futuros. OKX no garantiza ningún rendimiento, reembolso de capital o intereses. OKX no proporciona recomendaciones de inversión o de activos. Debes considerar cuidadosamente si el trading o la posesión de activos digitales es adecuado para ti a la luz de tu situación financiera. Consulta con tu asesor legal/fiscal/profesional de la inversión si tienes preguntas acerca de tus circunstancias específicas.
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  • Sitio web oficial
  • White paper
  • Github
  • Explorador de bloques
  • Sobre los sitios web de terceros
    Sobre los sitios web de terceros
    Al usar el sitio web de terceros ("Sitio web de terceros" o "TWP"), aceptas que el uso del TWP estará sujeto a los términos de TWP. Salvo que se indique expresamente por escrito, OKX y sus afiliados ("OKX") no están asociados de ninguna manera con el propietario u operador del TPW. Aceptas que OKX no es responsable de ninguna pérdida, daño ni cualquier otra consecuencia generada por tu uso del TPW. Ten en cuenta que usar un TWP puede generar una pérdida o reducción de tus activos.

Measurable Data Token (MDT) es un proyecto cuyo objetivo es crear una economía de datos que permita a los usuarios compartir, intercambiar y monetizar información a cambio de incentivos. Como economía de datos descentralizada, Measurable Data Token se centra en hacer que el trading de datos sea más ético, basado en el consentimiento y transparente. El exclusivo ecosistema de trading aprovecha la tecnología blockchain para conectar a vendedores y compradores de datos dentro de un ecosistema inmutable. 

Qué es Measurable Data Token

Measurable Data Token es un proyecto basado en Ethereum que pretende ayudar a los usuarios a obtener la compensación adecuada por los datos que comparten con los compradores. Se centra en eliminar a las empresas que aprovechan los datos de los usuarios para obtener beneficios. El proyecto pretende cambiar el status quo devolviendo el poder a los usuarios. 

El intercambio de datos se recompensa mediante tokens MDT, una medida que promueve una distribución más justa y fomenta el valor del token nativo. 

El equipo del Token de Datos Mensurables

Heatherm Huang, cofundador de MailTime, ideó el proyecto del Token de Datos Mensurables. Huang también creó la Fundación Measurable, empresa responsable del mantenimiento del MDT. Aparte de él, el equipo de la Measurable Data Token también cuenta con numerosos expertos en blockchain y minería de datos, como el ingeniero de software Wing Chan, el ingeniero de software sénior Matt Lung y otros. 

¿Cómo funciona Measurable Data Token?

Measurable Data Token se basa en la transparencia. Los compradores de datos realizan solicitudes a prueba de manipulaciones a través de la blockchain. Los proveedores de datos invocan puntos de datos específicos de sus repositorios, como si fueran billeteras de datos, utilizando su clave pública y los envían a los compradores. Los compradores sólo tienen acceso a los datos que el vendedor desea compartir.

Los contratos inteligentes específicos del ecosistema gestionan las condiciones especificadas para todas las transacciones relacionadas con los datos. Los detalles del contrato inteligente incluyen las dimensiones de los datos, la clave pública del usuario, el porcentaje de recompensa, etc. El pago de los datos sólo se realiza cuando se cumplen las condiciones del contrato inteligente y se liberan las recompensas según el código. 

El token nativo de Measurable Data Token: MDT

MDT es el token nativo del ecosistema Measurable Data Token. MDT es un token ERC-20 compatible con la mayoría de las billeteras frías y calientes. Los tokens tienen un tope de oferta de 1.000 millones, asignados como incentivos y recompensas. Como hay un hard cap en el suministro, se espera que el modelo económico del token pase de desinflacionista a deflacionista, ya que es habitual que algunos tokens se pierdan entre las billeteras. 

Casos de uso de la MDT

MDT es un componente esencial del ecosistema de tokens de datos medibles. Su principal caso de uso es recompensar a los usuarios por compartir datos, funcionando esencialmente como una forma de pago. Por ejemplo, los tokens MDT incentivan a los usuarios que venden sus datos a empresas de juego y de otro tipo para ayudarles con el análisis de mercado.

Además, los tokens MDT tienen otros casos de uso, como la capacidad de facilitar las transacciones de datos dentro del ecosistema, un papel en la gobernanza de la plataforma y la capacidad de obtener recompensas por hacer staking ofreciendo liquidez basada en MDT. 

Distribución de MDT

Los tokens MDT se distribuyen de la siguiente manera

  • 24 % al equipo de MailTime
  • 11 % a los asesores y primeros inversores
  • 15 % al fondo de crecimiento 
  • 35 % para eventos de distribución de tokens como airdrops
  • 15 % para la preventa

Measurable Data Token (MDT) y el futuro de la economía impulsada por blockchain

Los mercados de datos son cruciales porque permiten a los usuarios conectar con las empresas, ayudándoles a comprender mejor los mercados. Pero el proceso actual está muy centralizado. Measurable Data Token pretende cambiar todo eso ofreciendo un mercado de datos descentralizado lo suficientemente innovador como para transformarse en una nueva economía.

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Preguntas frecuentes sobre Measurable Data Token

¿Qué es Measurable Data Token?

Measurable Data Token es un mercado de datos descentralizado, impulsado por blockchain, que trata con datos anónimos y garantiza la privacidad. Conecta a compradores y vendedores de forma inmutable y a prueba de manipulaciones mediante contratos inteligentes y su token nativo MDT.

¿Cuáles son las ventajas de Measurable Data Token?

Measurable Data Token permite a las empresas conectar de forma anónima con los vendedores de datos, permitiéndoles ofrecer lo que puedan por el precio adecuado. El ecosistema cuenta con una aplicación móvil en RewardMe, que permite una incorporación fluida de los usuarios. 

¿Dónde puedo comprar MDT?

Compra fácilmente tokens MDT en la plataforma de criptomonedas OKX. El terminal de trading en spot de OKX ofrece el par de trading MDT/USDT

También puedes cambiar tus criptomonedas actuales, incluyendo XRP (XRP), Cardano (ADA), Solana (SOL) y Chainlink (LINK), por MDT sin comisiones y sin slippage de precios utilizando OKX Convert.

¿Cuál es el valor actual de 1 Measurable Data Token?
Actualmente, un Measurable Data Token vale $0,025986. Para obtener respuestas e información sobre las acciones de precios de Measurable Data Token, estás en el lugar correcto. Explora los últimos gráficos de Measurable Data Token y opera de manera responsable con OKX.
¿Qué es una criptomoneda?
Las criptomonedas, como Measurable Data Token, son activos digitales que operan sobre libros mayores (ledger) públicos llamados blockchains. Obtén más información sobre las monedas y tokens que se ofrecen en OKX y sus distintas características, como su precio y gráficos en tiempo real.
¿Cuándo se inventaron las criptomonedas?
A raíz de la crisis financiera de 2008, creció el interés por las finanzas descentralizadas. Bitcoin ofrecía una solución novedosa al ser un activo digital seguro en una red descentralizada. Desde entonces, también se han creado muchos otros tokens como Measurable Data Token.
¿Va a subir el precio de Measurable Data Token hoy?
Consulta nuestra página de predicción de precios de Measurable Data Token para ver los pronósticos de precios y determinar tus objetivos de valor.

Declaración de GEI

Las regulaciones ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) para los criptoactivos tienen como objetivo abordar su impacto ambiental (por ejemplo, la minería intensiva en energía), promover la transparencia y garantizar prácticas éticas de gobernanza para alinear la industria de las criptomonedas con objetivos más amplios de sostenibilidad y sociales. Estas regulaciones fomentan el cumplimiento de normas que mitigan los riesgos y promueven la confianza en los activos digitales.
Detalles del activo
Nombre
OKcoin Europe LTD
Identificador de entidad legal relevante
54930069NLWEIGLHXU42
Nombre del criptoactivo
Measurable Data Token
Mecanismo de consenso
Measurable Data Token is present on the following networks: base, binance_smart_chain, ethereum, optimism, solana, tron. The consensus mechanism of the Base protocol, an Ethereum Layer 2 solution launched by Coinbase, utilizes Optimistic Rollups for scaling built on the Optimism software development kit (SDK). Key Components: 1. Optimistic Rollups: Assumption of Validity: Transactions are assumed valid by default and are processed off-chain. Instead of proving the validity of every transaction, the system assumes they are correct unless challenged. Fraud Proofs: If there is a suspicion of fraud, a challenge mechanism (fault proof) allows anyone to dispute the validity of a transaction within a specific time frame. If a transaction is found to be fraudulent, it is rolled back, and the dishonest actor is penalized. 2. Sequencer: Transaction Ordering: The sequencer is responsible for ordering transactions and creating batches to be processed off-chain. Block Production: It constructs and executes Layer 2 blocks, which are then submitted to Ethereum (Layer 1) for finality. State Updates: Provides transaction confirmations and state updates, ensuring the network's state remains consistent and accurate. 3. Interaction with Ethereum: On-Chain Contracts: Optimistic Rollups use smart contracts deployed on Ethereum to manage rollup blocks, monitor state updates, and track user deposits. Off-Chain Computation: Most computations and state storage occur off-chain, enhancing scalability and reducing fees. 4. Security and Decentralization: Modular OP Stack: Base is built on the open-source OP Stack from Optimism, which is designed to be highly modular and customizable. Commitment Posting: Periodically, the post-transaction state is committed to Ethereum, ensuring the security and integrity of the Layer 2 transactions. Censorship Resistance: The architecture provides censorship resistance equivalent to Ethereum, as it allows direct submission of transactions to the sequencer. Binance Smart Chain (BSC) uses a hybrid consensus mechanism called Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA), which combines elements of Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) and Proof of Authority (PoA). This method ensures fast block times and low fees while maintaining a level of decentralization and security. Core Components 1. Validators (so-called “Cabinet Members”): Validators on BSC are responsible for producing new blocks, validating transactions, and maintaining the network’s security. To become a validator, an entity must stake a significant amount of BNB (Binance Coin). Validators are selected through staking and voting by token holders. There are 21 active validators at any given time, rotating to ensure decentralization and security. 2. Delegators: Token holders who do not wish to run validator nodes can delegate their BNB tokens to validators. This delegation helps validators increase their stake and improves their chances of being selected to produce blocks. Delegators earn a share of the rewards that validators receive, incentivizing broad participation in network security. 3. Candidates: Candidates are nodes that have staked the required amount of BNB and are in the pool waiting to become validators. They are essentially potential validators who are not currently active but can be elected to the validator set through community voting. Candidates play a crucial role in ensuring there is always a sufficient pool of nodes ready to take on validation tasks, thus maintaining network resilience and decentralization. Consensus Process 4. Validator Selection: Validators are chosen based on the amount of BNB staked and votes received from delegators. The more BNB staked and votes received, the higher the chance of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. The selection process involves both the current validators and the pool of candidates, ensuring a dynamic and secure rotation of nodes. 5. Block Production: The selected validators take turns producing blocks in a PoA-like manner, ensuring that blocks are generated quickly and efficiently. Validators validate transactions, add them to new blocks, and broadcast these blocks to the network. 6. Transaction Finality: BSC achieves fast block times of around 3 seconds and quick transaction finality. This is achieved through the efficient PoSA mechanism that allows validators to rapidly reach consensus. Security and Economic Incentives 7. Staking: Validators are required to stake a substantial amount of BNB, which acts as collateral to ensure their honest behavior. This staked amount can be slashed if validators act maliciously. Staking incentivizes validators to act in the network's best interest to avoid losing their staked BNB. 8. Delegation and Rewards: Delegators earn rewards proportional to their stake in validators. This incentivizes them to choose reliable validators and participate in the network’s security. Validators and delegators share transaction fees as rewards, which provides continuous economic incentives to maintain network security and performance. 9. Transaction Fees: BSC employs low transaction fees, paid in BNB, making it cost-effective for users. These fees are collected by validators as part of their rewards, further incentivizing them to validate transactions accurately and efficiently. The Ethereum network uses a Proof-of-Stake Consensus Mechanism to validate new transactions on the blockchain. Core Components 1. Validators: Validators are responsible for proposing and validating new blocks. To become a validator, a user must deposit (stake) 32 ETH into a smart contract. This stake acts as collateral and can be slashed if the validator behaves dishonestly. 2. Beacon Chain: The Beacon Chain is the backbone of Ethereum 2.0. It coordinates the network of validators and manages the consensus protocol. It is responsible for creating new blocks, organizing validators into committees, and implementing the finality of blocks. Consensus Process 1. Block Proposal: Validators are chosen randomly to propose new blocks. This selection is based on a weighted random function (WRF), where the weight is determined by the amount of ETH staked. 2. Attestation: Validators not proposing a block participate in attestation. They attest to the validity of the proposed block by voting for it. Attestations are then aggregated to form a single proof of the block’s validity. 3. Committees: Validators are organized into committees to streamline the validation process. Each committee is responsible for validating blocks within a specific shard or the Beacon Chain itself. This ensures decentralization and security, as a smaller group of validators can quickly reach consensus. 4. Finality: Ethereum 2.0 uses a mechanism called Casper FFG (Friendly Finality Gadget) to achieve finality. Finality means that a block and its transactions are considered irreversible and confirmed. Validators vote on the finality of blocks, and once a supermajority is reached, the block is finalized. 5. Incentives and Penalties: Validators earn rewards for participating in the network, including proposing blocks and attesting to their validity. Conversely, validators can be penalized (slashed) for malicious behavior, such as double-signing or being offline for extended periods. This ensures honest participation and network security. Optimism is a Layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum that uses Optimistic Rollups to increase transaction throughput and reduce costs while inheriting the security of the Ethereum main chain. Core Components 1. Optimistic Rollups: Rollup Blocks: Transactions are batched into rollup blocks and processed off-chain. State Commitments: The state of these transactions is periodically committed to the Ethereum main chain. 2. Sequencers: Transaction Ordering: Sequencers are responsible for ordering transactions and creating batches. State Updates: Sequencers update the state of the rollup and submit these updates to the Ethereum main chain. Block Production: They construct and execute Layer 2 blocks, which are then posted to Ethereum. 3. Fraud Proofs: Assumption of Validity: Transactions are assumed to be valid by default. Challenge Period: A specific time window during which anyone can challenge a transaction by submitting a fraud proof. Dispute Resolution: If a transaction is challenged, an interactive verification game is played to determine its validity. If fraud is detected, the invalid state is rolled back, and the dishonest participant is penalized. Consensus Process 1. Transaction Submission: Users submit transactions to the sequencer, which orders them into batches. 2. Batch Processing: The sequencer processes these transactions off-chain, updating the Layer 2 state. 3. State Commitment: The updated state and the batch of transactions are periodically committed to the Ethereum main chain. This is done by posting the state root (a cryptographic hash representing the state) and transaction data as calldata on Ethereum. 4. Fraud Proofs and Challenges: Once a batch is posted, there is a challenge period during which anyone can submit a fraud proof if they believe a transaction is invalid. Interactive Verification: The dispute is resolved through an interactive verification game, which involves breaking down the transaction into smaller steps to identify the exact point of fraud. Rollbacks and Penalties: If fraud is proven, the batch is rolled back, and the dishonest actor loses their staked collateral as a penalty. 5. Finality: After the challenge period, if no fraud proof is submitted, the batch is considered final. This means the transactions are accepted as valid, and the state updates are permanent. Solana uses a unique combination of Proof of History (PoH) and Proof of Stake (PoS) to achieve high throughput, low latency, and robust security. Here’s a detailed explanation of how these mechanisms work: Core Concepts 1. Proof of History (PoH): Time-Stamped Transactions: PoH is a cryptographic technique that timestamps transactions, creating a historical record that proves that an event has occurred at a specific moment in time. Verifiable Delay Function: PoH uses a Verifiable Delay Function (VDF) to generate a unique hash that includes the transaction and the time it was processed. This sequence of hashes provides a verifiable order of events, enabling the network to efficiently agree on the sequence of transactions. 2. Proof of Stake (PoS): Validator Selection: Validators are chosen to produce new blocks based on the number of SOL tokens they have staked. The more tokens staked, the higher the chance of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. Delegation: Token holders can delegate their SOL tokens to validators, earning rewards proportional to their stake while enhancing the network's security. Consensus Process 1. Transaction Validation: Transactions are broadcast to the network and collected by validators. Each transaction is validated to ensure it meets the network’s criteria, such as having correct signatures and sufficient funds. 2. PoH Sequence Generation: A validator generates a sequence of hashes using PoH, each containing a timestamp and the previous hash. This process creates a historical record of transactions, establishing a cryptographic clock for the network. 3. Block Production: The network uses PoS to select a leader validator based on their stake. The leader is responsible for bundling the validated transactions into a block. The leader validator uses the PoH sequence to order transactions within the block, ensuring that all transactions are processed in the correct order. 4. Consensus and Finalization: Other validators verify the block produced by the leader validator. They check the correctness of the PoH sequence and validate the transactions within the block. Once the block is verified, it is added to the blockchain. Validators sign off on the block, and it is considered finalized. Security and Economic Incentives 1. Incentives for Validators: Block Rewards: Validators earn rewards for producing and validating blocks. These rewards are distributed in SOL tokens and are proportional to the validator’s stake and performance. Transaction Fees: Validators also earn transaction fees from the transactions included in the blocks they produce. These fees provide an additional incentive for validators to process transactions efficiently. 2. Security: Staking: Validators must stake SOL tokens to participate in the consensus process. This staking acts as collateral, incentivizing validators to act honestly. If a validator behaves maliciously or fails to perform, they risk losing their staked tokens. Delegated Staking: Token holders can delegate their SOL tokens to validators, enhancing network security and decentralization. Delegators share in the rewards and are incentivized to choose reliable validators. 3. Economic Penalties: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior, such as double-signing or producing invalid blocks. This penalty, known as slashing, results in the loss of a portion of the staked tokens, discouraging dishonest actions. The Tron blockchain operates on a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism, designed to improve scalability, transaction speed, and energy efficiency. Here's a breakdown of how it works: 1. Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS): Tron uses DPoS, where token holders vote for a group of delegates known as Super Representatives (SRs)who are responsible for validating transactions and producing new blocks on the network. Token holders can vote for SRs based on their stake in the Tron network, and the top 27 SRs (or more, depending on the protocol version) are selected to participate in the block production process. SRs take turns producing blocks, which are added to the blockchain. This is done on a rotational basis to ensure decentralization and prevent control by a small group of validators. 2. Block Production: The Super Representatives generate new blocks and confirm transactions. The Tron blockchain achieves block finality quickly, with block production occurring every 3 seconds, making it highly efficient and capable of processing thousands of transactions per second. 3. Voting and Governance: Tron’s DPoS system also allows token holders to vote on important network decisions, such as protocol upgrades and changes to the system’s parameters. Voting power is proportional to the amount of TRX (Tron’s native token) that a user holds and chooses to stake. This provides a governance system where the community can actively participate in decision-making. 4. Super Representatives: The Super Representatives play a crucial role in maintaining the security and stability of the Tron blockchain. They are responsible for validating transactions, proposing new blocks, and ensuring the overall functionality of the network. Super Representatives are incentivized with block rewards (newly minted TRX tokens) and transaction feesfor their work.
Mecanismos de incentivos y comisiones aplicables
Measurable Data Token is present on the following networks: base, binance_smart_chain, ethereum, optimism, solana, tron. Base, an Ethereum Layer 2 scaling solution, uses a combination of economic incentives and security mechanisms to ensure the integrity and security of transactions. Base leverages Optimistic Rollups to enhance scalability while maintaining security. Incentive Mechanisms 1. Validators and Sequencers: Sequencers: In Base, sequencers are responsible for ordering transactions and creating batches that are processed off-chain. They play a crucial role in maintaining network efficiency and throughput. Validator Rewards: Validators earn rewards for participating in the consensus process. These rewards can include transaction fees and additional protocol incentives. 2. Economic Incentives: Transaction Fees: Sequencers earn transaction fees from users who want their transactions processed. These fees incentivize sequencers to operate honestly and efficiently. Challenge Rewards: Users who successfully challenge invalid transactions by submitting fraud proofs are rewarded. This mechanism encourages the community to actively monitor and ensure the correctness of transactions. 3. Penalties for Malicious Behavior: Economic Penalties: Validators or sequencers that act maliciously, such as including invalid transactions, face economic penalties. These penalties can include forfeiture of staked tokens or other forms of economic loss. Fraud Proofs: If a transaction is challenged and found to be invalid, the dishonest party (sequencer) faces penalties, and the state is reverted. This discourages malicious behavior and ensures network integrity. Fees Applicable on the Base Blockchain Protocol 1. Transaction Fees: Layer 2 Transaction Fees: Users pay fees for transactions processed on the Layer 2 network. These fees are typically lower than those on the Ethereum mainnet due to the reduced computational load on the main chain. Cost Efficiency: By aggregating multiple transactions into a single batch, Base reduces the overall cost per transaction, making it more economical for users. 2. L1 Data Fees: Posting Batches to Ethereum: Periodically, state updates from Layer 2 transactions are posted to the Ethereum mainnet as calldata. This involves a fee, known as the L1 data fee, which covers the gas cost of publishing these state updates on Ethereum. Cost Sharing: The fixed costs of posting state updates to Ethereum are spread across multiple transactions within a batch, reducing the cost burden on individual transactions. 3. Smart Contract Fees: Execution Costs: Fees for deploying and interacting with smart contracts on Base are based on the computational resources required. This ensures that users are charged proportionally for the resources they consume. Binance Smart Chain (BSC) uses the Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA) consensus mechanism to ensure network security and incentivize participation from validators and delegators. Incentive Mechanisms 1. Validators: Staking Rewards: Validators must stake a significant amount of BNB to participate in the consensus process. They earn rewards in the form of transaction fees and block rewards. Selection Process: Validators are selected based on the amount of BNB staked and the votes received from delegators. The more BNB staked and votes received, the higher the chances of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. 2. Delegators: Delegated Staking: Token holders can delegate their BNB to validators. This delegation increases the validator's total stake and improves their chances of being selected to produce blocks. Shared Rewards: Delegators earn a portion of the rewards that validators receive. This incentivizes token holders to participate in the network’s security and decentralization by choosing reliable validators. 3. Candidates: Pool of Potential Validators: Candidates are nodes that have staked the required amount of BNB and are waiting to become active validators. They ensure that there is always a sufficient pool of nodes ready to take on validation tasks, maintaining network resilience. 4. Economic Security: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior or failure to perform their duties. Penalties include slashing a portion of their staked tokens, ensuring that validators act in the best interest of the network. Opportunity Cost: Staking requires validators and delegators to lock up their BNB tokens, providing an economic incentive to act honestly to avoid losing their staked assets. Fees on the Binance Smart Chain 5. Transaction Fees: Low Fees: BSC is known for its low transaction fees compared to other blockchain networks. These fees are paid in BNB and are essential for maintaining network operations and compensating validators. Dynamic Fee Structure: Transaction fees can vary based on network congestion and the complexity of the transactions. However, BSC ensures that fees remain significantly lower than those on the Ethereum mainnet. 6. Block Rewards: Incentivizing Validators: Validators earn block rewards in addition to transaction fees. These rewards are distributed to validators for their role in maintaining the network and processing transactions. 7. Cross-Chain Fees: Interoperability Costs: BSC supports cross-chain compatibility, allowing assets to be transferred between Binance Chain and Binance Smart Chain. These cross-chain operations incur minimal fees, facilitating seamless asset transfers and improving user experience. 8. Smart Contract Fees: Deployment and Execution Costs: Deploying and interacting with smart contracts on BSC involves paying fees based on the computational resources required. These fees are also paid in BNB and are designed to be cost-effective, encouraging developers to build on the BSC platform. Ethereum, particularly after transitioning to Ethereum 2.0 (Eth2), employs a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism to secure its network. The incentives for validators and the fee structures play crucial roles in maintaining the security and efficiency of the blockchain. Incentive Mechanisms 1. Staking Rewards: Validator Rewards: Validators are essential to the PoS mechanism. They are responsible for proposing and validating new blocks. To participate, they must stake a minimum of 32 ETH. In return, they earn rewards for their contributions, which are paid out in ETH. These rewards are a combination of newly minted ETH and transaction fees from the blocks they validate. Reward Rate: The reward rate for validators is dynamic and depends on the total amount of ETH staked in the network. The more ETH staked, the lower the individual reward rate, and vice versa. This is designed to balance the network's security and the incentive to participate. 2. Transaction Fees: Base Fee: After the implementation of Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) 1559, the transaction fee model changed to include a base fee that is burned (i.e., removed from circulation). This base fee adjusts dynamically based on network demand, aiming to stabilize transaction fees and reduce volatility. Priority Fee (Tip): Users can also include a priority fee (tip) to incentivize validators to include their transactions more quickly. This fee goes directly to the validators, providing them with an additional incentive to process transactions efficiently. 3. Penalties for Malicious Behavior: Slashing: Validators face penalties (slashing) if they engage in malicious behavior, such as double-signing or validating incorrect information. Slashing results in the loss of a portion of their staked ETH, discouraging bad actors and ensuring that validators act in the network's best interest. Inactivity Penalties: Validators also face penalties for prolonged inactivity. This ensures that validators remain active and engaged in maintaining the network's security and operation. Fees Applicable on the Ethereum Blockchain 1. Gas Fees: Calculation: Gas fees are calculated based on the computational complexity of transactions and smart contract executions. Each operation on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) has an associated gas cost. Dynamic Adjustment: The base fee introduced by EIP-1559 dynamically adjusts according to network congestion. When demand for block space is high, the base fee increases, and when demand is low, it decreases. 2. Smart Contract Fees: Deployment and Interaction: Deploying a smart contract on Ethereum involves paying gas fees proportional to the contract's complexity and size. Interacting with deployed smart contracts (e.g., executing functions, transferring tokens) also incurs gas fees. Optimizations: Developers are incentivized to optimize their smart contracts to minimize gas usage, making transactions more cost-effective for users. 3. Asset Transfer Fees: Token Transfers: Transferring ERC-20 or other token standards involves gas fees. These fees vary based on the token's contract implementation and the current network demand. Optimism, an Ethereum Layer 2 scaling solution, uses Optimistic Rollups to increase transaction throughput and reduce costs while maintaining security and decentralization. Here's an in-depth look at the incentive mechanisms and applicable fees within the Optimism protocol: Incentive Mechanisms 1. Sequencers: Transaction Ordering: Sequencers are responsible for ordering and batching transactions off-chain. They play a critical role in maintaining the efficiency and speed of the network. Economic Incentives: Sequencers earn transaction fees from users. These fees incentivize sequencers to process transactions quickly and accurately. 2. Validators and Fraud Proofs: Assumption of Validity: In Optimistic Rollups, transactions are assumed to be valid by default. This allows for quick transaction finality. Challenge Mechanism: Validators (or anyone) can challenge the validity of a transaction by submitting a fraud proof during a specified challenge period. This mechanism ensures that invalid transactions are detected and reverted. Challenge Rewards: Successful challengers are rewarded for identifying and proving fraudulent transactions. This incentivizes participants to actively monitor the network for invalid transactions, thereby enhancing security. 3. Economic Penalties: Fraud Proof Penalties: If a sequencer includes an invalid transaction and it is successfully challenged, they face economic penalties, such as losing a portion of their staked collateral. This discourages dishonest behavior. Inactivity and Misbehavior: Validators and sequencers are also incentivized to remain active and behave correctly, as inactivity or misbehavior can lead to penalties and loss of rewards. Fees Applicable on the Optimism Layer 2 Protocol 1. Transaction Fees: Layer 2 Transaction Fees: Users pay fees for transactions processed on the Layer 2 network. These fees are generally lower than Ethereum mainnet fees due to the reduced computational load on the main chain. Cost Efficiency: By batching multiple transactions into a single batch, Optimism reduces the overall cost per transaction, making it more economical for users. 2. L1 Data Fees: Posting Batches to Ethereum: Periodically, the state updates from Layer 2 transactions are posted to the Ethereum mainnet as calldata. This involves a fee known as the L1 data fee, which covers the gas cost of publishing these state updates on Ethereum. Cost Sharing: The fixed costs of posting state updates to Ethereum are spread across multiple transactions within a batch, reducing the cost burden on individual transactions. 3. Smart Contract Fees: Execution Costs: Fees for deploying and interacting with smart contracts on Optimism are based on the computational resources required. This ensures that users are charged proportionally for the resources they consume. Solana uses a combination of Proof of History (PoH) and Proof of Stake (PoS) to secure its network and validate transactions. Here’s a detailed explanation of the incentive mechanisms and applicable fees: Incentive Mechanisms 4. Validators: Staking Rewards: Validators are chosen based on the number of SOL tokens they have staked. They earn rewards for producing and validating blocks, which are distributed in SOL. The more tokens staked, the higher the chances of being selected to validate transactions and produce new blocks. Transaction Fees: Validators earn a portion of the transaction fees paid by users for the transactions they include in the blocks. This provides an additional financial incentive for validators to process transactions efficiently and maintain the network's integrity. 5. Delegators: Delegated Staking: Token holders who do not wish to run a validator node can delegate their SOL tokens to a validator. In return, delegators share in the rewards earned by the validators. This encourages widespread participation in securing the network and ensures decentralization. 6. Economic Security: Slashing: Validators can be penalized for malicious behavior, such as producing invalid blocks or being frequently offline. This penalty, known as slashing, involves the loss of a portion of their staked tokens. Slashing deters dishonest actions and ensures that validators act in the best interest of the network. Opportunity Cost: By staking SOL tokens, validators and delegators lock up their tokens, which could otherwise be used or sold. This opportunity cost incentivizes participants to act honestly to earn rewards and avoid penalties. Fees Applicable on the Solana Blockchain 7. Transaction Fees: Low and Predictable Fees: Solana is designed to handle a high throughput of transactions, which helps keep fees low and predictable. The average transaction fee on Solana is significantly lower compared to other blockchains like Ethereum. Fee Structure: Fees are paid in SOL and are used to compensate validators for the resources they expend to process transactions. This includes computational power and network bandwidth. 8. Rent Fees: State Storage: Solana charges rent fees for storing data on the blockchain. These fees are designed to discourage inefficient use of state storage and encourage developers to clean up unused state. Rent fees help maintain the efficiency and performance of the network. 9. Smart Contract Fees: Execution Costs: Similar to transaction fees, fees for deploying and interacting with smart contracts on Solana are based on the computational resources required. This ensures that users are charged proportionally for the resources they consume. The Tron blockchain uses a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism to secure its network and incentivize participation. Here's how the incentive mechanism and applicable fees work: Incentive Mechanism: 1. Super Representatives (SRs) Rewards: Block Rewards: Super Representatives (SRs), who are elected by TRX holders, are rewarded for producing blocks. Each block they produce comes with a block reward in the form of TRX tokens. Transaction Fees: In addition to block rewards, SRs receive transaction fees for validating transactions and including them in blocks. This ensures they are incentivized to process transactions efficiently. 2. Voting and Delegation: TRX Staking: TRX holders can stake their tokens and vote for Super Representatives (SRs). When TRX holders vote, they delegate their voting power to SRs, which allows SRs to earn rewards in the form of newly minted TRX tokens. Delegator Rewards: Token holders who delegate their votes to an SR can also receive a share of the rewards. This means delegators share in the block rewards and transaction fees that the SR earns. Incentivizing Participation: The more tokens a user stakes, the more voting power they have, which encourages participation in governance and network security. 3. Incentive for SRs: SRs are also incentivized to maintain the health and performance of the network. Their reputation and continued election depend on their ability to produce blocks consistently and efficiently process transactions. Applicable Fees: 1. Transaction Fees: Fee Calculation: Users must pay transaction fees to have their transactions processed. The transaction fee varies based on the complexity of the transaction and the network's current demand. This is paid in TRX tokens. Transaction Fee Distribution: Transaction fees are distributed to Super Representatives (SRs), giving them an ongoing income to maintain and support the network. 2. Storage Fees: Tron charges storage fees for data storage on the blockchain. This includes storing smart contracts, tokens, and other data on the network. Users are required to pay these fees in TRX tokens to store data. 3. Energy and Bandwidth: Energy: Tron uses a resource model that allows users to access network resources like bandwidth and energy through staking. Users who stake their TRX tokens receive "energy," which is required to execute transactions and interact with smart contracts. Bandwidth: Each user is allocated a certain amount of bandwidth based on their TRX holdings. If users exceed their allotted bandwidth, they can pay for additional bandwidth in TRX tokens.
Comienzo del periodo incluido en la declaración
2024-03-30
Fin del periodo incluido en la declaración
2025-03-30
Informe energético
Consumo de energía
178.60047 (kWh/a)
Fuentes y metodologías de consumo de energía
The energy consumption of this asset is aggregated across multiple components: To determine the energy consumption of a token, the energy consumption of the network(s) ethereum, solana, base, optimism, tron, binance_smart_chain is calculated first. Based on the crypto asset's gas consumption per network, the share of the total consumption of the respective network that is assigned to this asset is defined. When calculating the energy consumption, we used - if available - the Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier (FFG DTI) to determine all implementations of the asset of question in scope and we update the mappings regulary, based on data of the Digital Token Identifier Foundation.
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